Earthquakes and why they happen

Section	Detail
Key Ideas	Earthquake strength is measured on the Richter Scale and the intensity of their effects on the Mercalli Scale. Earthquakes happen because of the stress where tectonic plates meet.
Terms	Distribution, Richter Scale, seismograph, Mercalli Scale, focus, shock waves, epicentre.
Starter	BBC Earthquakes Video
Main	1. TDIT    2. Using H p18 answer the following questions:    What are earthquakes?    How dangerous are they?    How many earthquakes are there each year?    Where do they occur (what is their distribution or global pattern)?    What is the link with where volcanoes occur?    3. What is the difference between a seismometer and a seismograph?    4. What do the Richter and Mercalli scales measure?    5. Explain how an earthquake measuring 6 on the Richter scale is 100 times stronger than one measuring 4.    6. What number on the Mercalli scale is an earthquake likely to be if it is the top story on the BBC news? Does this depend on the country the earthquake occurs in?    7. On what type of plate boundary do most earthquakes happen? Explain why many strong earthquakes occur along destructive plate margins.    8. Why are tectonic stresses lower along constructive plate boundaries?    9. Draw a diagram to illustrate the terms; focus, shock waves, and epicentre.    10. Read eyewitness accounts of earthquake survivers http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-12711152 http://www.geography-site.co.uk/pages/physical/earth/witness/cal1.html http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/8455735.stm
Plenary	Run through 'Earth shakes, rattles and rolls' powerpoint.

BBC Earthquakes Video - Starter

Earth shakes rattles_and_rolls

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How do volcanoes affect people?

Section	Detail
Key Ideas	Volcanoes are found on plate boundaries, especially on the Pacific Ring of Fire. The primary and secondary effects of volcanoes can be positive as well as negative. There are differences between immediate and long-term responses to eruptions, including monitoring and prediction.
Terms	Natural hazard, primary effects, secondary effects, aid, earthquake, immediate responses, long-term responses, lahar
Starter	Mt Etna clip: what threats might the eruptions cause for people?
Main	1.   TDIT. 2.   Where are volcanoes found? 3.   What are the two types of volcano? 4.   Watch clip of Montserrat below, add a title Montserrat – Soufriere Hills 1995 and using H p14/15 answer questions 1, 2 & 3 H p15. 5.   Watch the clips on Mt St Helens and using NT p18/19 do question 3 NT p21 6.   Watch the clip on volcanoes and technology (up to 1:28) and using NT p20 answer question 7 NT p21.
Plenary	a.   Where is the main volcano zone in the world? b.   What do scientists look for to judge whether a volcano is about to erupt? c.   Explain the differences between primary and secondary effects of an eruption. d.   Give 2 immediate and 2 long-term responses to a volcanic eruption.

Mt Etna


Montserrat


Mount St Helens 1


Mount St Helens 2


Volcanoes and Technology (upto 1min 28 secs)